000			02106cam a22003015a 4500
001			17901418
005			20180412131125.0
008			130927s2014 enk frb f001 0 eng d
020			_a9781107039193
020			_a9781107612044
040			_aDLC _beng _cDLC _dDLC _dEG-ScBUE
043			_an-us---
082	0	4	_a602.18 _222 _bRUS
100	1		_aRussell, Andrew L., _d1975-
245	1	0	_aOpen standards and the digital age : _bhistory, ideology, and networks / _cAndrew L. Russell.
260			_aNew York : _bCambridge University Press, _c2014.
300			_axvii, 306 p. ; _c24 cm.
490	0		_aCambridge studies in the emergence of global enterprise
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
520			_a"How did the idea of openness become the defining principle for the twenty-first-century Information Age? This book answers this question by looking at the history of information networks and paying close attention to the politics of standardization. For much of the twentieth century, information networks such as the monopoly Bell System and the American military's Arpanet were closed systems subject to centralized control. In the 1970s and 1980s, however, engineers in the United States and Europe experimented with design strategies and coordination mechanisms to create new digital networks. In the process, they embraced discourses of "openness" to describe their ideological commitments to entrepreneurship, technological innovation, and participatory democracy. The rhetoric of openness has flourished - for example, in movements for open government, open-source software, and open-access publishing - but such rhetoric also obscures the ways the Internet and other "open" systems still depend heavily on hierarchical forms of control"--
650		7	_aStandardization _zUnited States _xHistory. _2BUEsh
650		7	_aInformation technology _xStandards _zUnited States _xHistory. _2BUEsh
650		7	_aTelecommunication _xStandards _zUnited States _xHistory. _2BUEsh
651			_2BUEsh
653			_bENGELC _cApril2018
655			_vReading book _934232
942			_2ddc
999			_c26502 _d26474